TURKISH JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SPORT (TJHS), Year 2021 Issue TJHS Vol 2 Issue 3

The Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Scientific Research

Hasan Basri SavasErsan Kara — 2024-08-29

Oxidative stress, which is caused by the effect of many factors in living organisms, must be constantlybalanced by the antioxidant system. The continuous formation of free oxygen radicals for many reasons,especially aerobic respiration, increases oxidative stress. The antioxidant system is formed by variousenzymes, vitamins and many other structures. All these antioxidant structures are constantly workingto neutralize oxidative stress products and to establish a balance. In order to maintain the oxidantantioxidantbalance, lifestyle changes such as healthy and balanced nutrition and increasing mobility areof great importance in living organisms. Today, oxidative stress and antioxidants are frequently measuredboth in various experimental models established in experimental animals and in clinical studies, which isbecoming increasingly important. For this reason, oxidant-antioxidant balance indicator parameters arevery valuable in scientific research. In addition, newly established different in vivo models have startedto measure oxidative stress and antioxidant status. For this reason, our internationally indexed journalTJHS will give priority to scientific research on oxidant-antioxidant balance and publish current scientificdevelopments in this field.

Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency on Osteopenia of Prematurity in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Mesut DURSUNSultan KAVUNCUOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency on osteopenia of prematurity invery low birth weight premature infants.Methods: This study was conducted on 60 premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation with a birthweight < 1,500 g. Infants whose mothers had a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) level < 40 nmol/L wereassigned to group 1 (n = 30), while those with a 25-OHD level ≥ 40 nmol/L were assigned to group 2 (n = 30).Serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured on the first postnatal day,and weekly during hospitalization. Tubular phosphate reabsorption (TRP), femoral radiographs, and serumurea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and ALP were evaluated after 40 weeks of gestation. Two values of ALP >800 IU/L, at least 1 week apart, was considered diagnostic of osteopenia.Results: Osteopenia of prematurity was detected in five patients (16.7%) in group 1, and two patients (6.7%) ingroup 2. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups, except for lower phosphatelevels in group 1 (p = 0.04).Conclusions: Macro-mineral deficiencies could play a key role in the development of osteopenia ofprematurity. Maternal vitamin D deficiencies can have a negative impact on bone metabolism and phosphatelevels in infants.

Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Transplantation into the Optic Disc Pit with Two Different Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling Techniques in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy

Mehmet Fatih KÜÇÜKMuhammet Kazım EROL — 2024-08-29

Purpose: To report four patients with optic disc pit-maculopathy (ODP-M) treated with transplantation ofinternal limiting membrane (ILM) flap, obtained by two different ILM peeling techniques, into the optic discpit (ODP).Method and Patients: One eye of 4 patients with ODP-M underwent 23 gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Threepatients underwent ILM peeling, free ILM flap transplantation to ODP, and 15-17% perfluoropropane (C3F8)gas tamponade. In these 3 patients, the ILM was transplanted to ODP after complete peeling. In one patient,the nasal fragment of the ILM was left unpeeled and then the peeled ILM flap was folded over the unpeeledportion and transplanted into ODP.Results: Serous macular detachment and intraretinal multilayered fluid regressed at the end of the postoperative3rd month in all cases. In all patients, macular thickness decreased and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)increased in the postoperative 3rd month. An unexpected macular hole (MH) developed in two patients (Case2, 3). In one of these patients, MH was closed by peeling the wider ILM, and it was observed that BCVAincreased.Conclusions: ILM flap transplantation to ODP has been observed as an effective surgical technique for thetreatment of ODP-M. In addition, a wider ILM peeling was

Effects of Health Policies on the COVID-19 Process

Ali SendurZafer Cakir ,Mehmet Enes Sozen — 2024-08-29

Aim: Many people around the world are still affected by coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. The high spreadrate of the COVID-19 and the number of deaths make it more important than ever to understand the behaviorof the disease. In this work, the effects of health policies on the COVID-19 process is examined by taking intoaccount various data.Material and Methods: Official articles, circulars issued by decision makers, Worldometer and Our World inData websites are used to study the effects of the health policies on the COVID-19 process from 10.03.2020to 30.06.2021. The scenario in which the appropriate precautions were not taken by decision makers is alsoconsidered by simulating data with the method of least squares.Results: It has been determined that the measures taken have positive effects with a delay of 12-15 days. Weobserve that the policies adopted for the COVID-19 process are effective in reducing the number of cases anddeaths. We note that there were increases in the number of cases after the removal of some measures. Overall,Turkey’s situation in terms of total case and mortality rates in COVID-19 process is better than the average ofsome European and neighboring countries.Conclusion: The results shows that Turkey has quite disciplined and successful health policy to overcomecoronavirus disease.

Evaluation of Severe Fatigue and Related Factors in Ankylosing Spondylitis: a Cross-Sectional Study

Sevcan Uğur — 2024-08-29

Aim: Fatigue is an important symptom for patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). There is no accepteddefinitive scale to assess fatigue in AS. The purpose of the study was to measure fatigue by way of differentscales in AS and find variables related to fatigue.Method: The 77 AS patients and 61 controls were evaluated. Disease activity was evaluated by the BASDAIand ASDAS. Fatigue was evaluated with Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale(FACIT-F), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and fatigue-related item of the BASDAI. Fatigue was compared in ASand controls.Results: A total of 63.6% of patients had severe fatigue measured by fatigue-related item of BASDAI and 42%of patients had severe fatigue measured by FFS. The 26.2% of controls had severe fatigue. FSS scores were 3.9±2in AS patients and 2.3±1.3 in controls (p<0.05). There was strong correlation between FSS and fatigue itemof BASDAI (r=0.763, p<0.05) similarly there was strong correlation FACİT-F score and fatigue-related itemof BASDAI (r=-736, p<0.05). FFS score was 2.38±1.46 in inactive AS patients and 4.87±1.68 in active patients(p<0.05). Fatigue was statistically significant correlated with pain, disease activity, depression, functionalcapacity and anxiety in AS (p<0.05). BASDAI was an independent predictor of severe fatigue in AS (p<0.05).Conclusion: Severe fatigue is more common in AS, especially those with the active disease. Disease activity,functional abilities, depression and anxiety were correlated with fatigue. One of the FSS, FACIT-F and fatiguerelateditem of BASDAI scores are sufficient to evaluate fatigue

Normalization of Increased Upper Trapezius Muscle Activity with EMG Biofeedback Training in a Patient with Surgically Treated Fragmented Proximal Humerus Fracture: One-Year Follow-up Results of the Case

Nazım Tolgahan YıldızHikmet Kocaman ,Zafer Erden — 2024-08-29

Aim: To evaluate the one-year results of the effects of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training includedin the traditional rehabilitation program on symptoms, upper trapezius muscle activity, functional status, andquality of life in a patient with surgically treated fragmented proximal humerus fracture.Method: The patient’s pain severity (Visual Analogue Scale), range of motion (Universal goniometer), gripstrength (Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer), scapular position (Lateral Scapular Slide Test), fear ofmovement (Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale), the functional status of the upper extremity (Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36 Scale), upper trapezius muscle activity (surface EMG)were evaluated before and after the treatment, and at one-year follow-up. The EMG biofeedback training,which was included in the traditional rehabilitation program, was applied for eight weeks to normalize theincreased upper trapezius muscle activity.Results: It was found that pain severity and fear of movement were decreased, range of motion, grip strength,functional status of the upper extremity, and quality of life were increased after the treatment and at oneyearfollow-up. Also, the increased upper trapezius muscle activity was normalized and the asymmetry in thescapula position was decreased.Conclusion: A well-planned rehabilitation program, including EMG biofeedback training, can reduce thesymptoms, improve the functional status and the quality of life in a patient with surgically treated fragmentedproximal humerus fracture.

Physical Inactivity During The COVID-19 Outbreak

2024-08-29

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is one of the pathogens that primarily targets the respiratory. This disease isconsidered to have emerged in China in late December 2019. The most common initial symptoms of COVID-19’un are fever, cough and tiredness. The absence of spesific preventive or therapeutic medical interventionsfor COVID-19 infection and recommendations such as avoiding social interactions and staying at home haveemerged to prevent the rate of transmission. To prevent the spread of the COVID-19, governments are takingmeasures to tighten quarantine and require all citizens to stay at home as much as possible. These measureshave harmful consequences for everyone’s life. One of them is physical inactivity. It is likely that quarantine athome will cause a decrease in moderate physical activity level and cause sedentary behavior. Fitbit, an Americancompany that develops a wearable device that tracks people’s physical activity levels worldwide; reported thatthe average number of steps in almost all countries decreased from %7 to %38 compared to the same time oflast year. This shows that quarantine causes a significant decrease in people’s physical activity levels. Given theeffects of physical activity on overall and cardiovascular health, it is recommend that people exercise at home.Staying active during quarantine and maintaning a physical exercise routine will be crucial for mental andphysical health. During this period, exercise can be done using treadmills, bicycles, fitness balls, elastic bandsand weights. Exercises conducted with video and online guided protocols can also be helpful.